The Archive
Geological formations are the rock layers where dinosaur bones survived millions of years. Each is a vault of ancient evidence — shaped by the conditions that made preservation possible.
34 formations · 98 dinosaurs with known fossil sites
San Juan
The Ischigualasto Formation preserves one of the oldest known dinosaur assemblages on Earth, dating to the very beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs some 231 million years ago.
Arizona, New Mexico, Utah +3 more
The Chinle Formation is one of the most important Late Triassic terrestrial deposits in North America, preserving a critical window into early dinosaur evolution and ecosystem dynamics.
Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria
The Löwenstein Formation is one of the most important Late Triassic terrestrial deposits in Central Europe, yielding abundant remains of Plateosaurus engelhardti.
Eastern Cape, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal
The Elliot Formation is one of the most important dinosaur-bearing units in Africa, preserving a critical Late Triassic to Early Jurassic terrestrial fauna.
Arizona, Utah, Colorado +1 more
The Kayenta Formation is one of the most important Early Jurassic terrestrial deposits in North America, preserving a diverse ecosystem including the iconic theropod Dilophosaurus wetherilli.
Liaoning, Hebei
The Tiaojishan Formation is renowned for preserving exceptional feathered dinosaurs and early paravians, including Yi qi with its unique bat-like membranous wings.
Colorado, Utah, Wyoming +7 more
One of the world's most productive dinosaur-bearing rock formations, stretching across 1.5 million km² of the western United States.
Bavaria
The Solnhofen Limestone is one of the most celebrated Lagerstätten (exceptional preservation sites) on Earth, preserving exquisite fossils of Jurassic organisms with their soft tissues intact.
Lindi
The Tendaguru Formation of southeastern Tanzania is the richest Jurassic dinosaur site in Africa and provides the crucial African data point in global comparisons of Late Jurassic faunas.
East Sussex, West Sussex, Kent +5 more
The Wealden Group represents one of Europe's most important Early Cretaceous terrestrial fossil assemblages.
Montana, Wyoming
The Cloverly Formation is renowned for yielding the first specimens of Deinonychus antirrhopus, a discovery that revolutionized understanding of dinosaur behavior and led to the 'Dinosaur Renaissance.' It also produced important early ornithomimosaurs, nodosaurid ankylosaurs, and early angiosperms, providing crucial data on Early Cretaceous ecosystems of North America..
Utah, Colorado
The Cedar Mountain Formation preserves a critical record of Early Cretaceous dinosaur evolution in North America, documenting the transition between Jurassic and Late Cretaceous faunas.
Neuquén
The La Amarga Formation is renowned for yielding Amargasaurus cazaui, a distinctive dicraeosaurid sauropod with elongated bifurcated neural spines.
Liaoning
The Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China, is the world's premier site for feathered dinosaurs, producing dozens of species that have transformed our understanding of the dinosaur-bird transition.
Agadez Region
The Elrhaz Formation is one of Africa's most important Early Cretaceous fossil localities, preserving a diverse Gondwanan fauna.
Oklahoma, Texas
The Antlers Formation is significant for preserving Early Cretaceous dinosaur fauna from the southern United States.
Queensland
The Mackunda Formation is significant for preserving a diverse Early Cretaceous fauna from Australia, including the ornithopod Muttaburrasaurus langdoni.
Drâa-Tafilalet, Béchar
The Kem Kem Group preserves one of the most diverse assemblages of mid-Cretaceous predatory dinosaurs known worldwide, including the giant theropods Spinosaurus aegyptiacus and Carcharodontosaurus saharicus.
Neuquén
The Candeleros Formation sits just below the Huincul Formation in the Neuquén Basin sequence and has produced Patagotitan mayorum, described in 2017 as potentially the most massive dinosaur ever discovered.
Neuquén
The Huincul Formation of Neuquén Province, Argentina has produced some of the largest dinosaurs ever discovered, including Argentinosaurus huinculensis — possibly the heaviest animal to ever walk the Earth — and Giganotosaurus carolinii, one of the largest carnivorous dinosaurs known.
Neuquén, Río Negro, Mendoza
The Anacleto Formation is one of the most important Late Cretaceous dinosaur-bearing units in South America, yielding the type specimen of Saltasaurus loricatus, the first sauropod discovered with dermal armor.
Montana
The Two Medicine Formation is most famous as the site where Jack Horner and colleagues discovered the first dinosaur nesting colonies in North America, revolutionising understanding of dinosaur parental behaviour.
Montana, Alberta
The Judith River Formation is one of the richest Late Cretaceous fossil sites in North America, preserving a diverse assemblage of dinosaurs, mammals, crocodilians, turtles, and fish from a lush subtropical ecosystem.
Alaska
The Prince Creek Formation preserves the northernmost known dinosaur assemblage, documenting polar dinosaur fauna that lived within the Arctic Circle.
Shandong
The Wangshi Formation is one of China's most important Late Cretaceous dinosaur-bearing formations, yielding significant hadrosaur fossils including the distinctive Tsintaosaurus with its unique cranial crest.
Utah
The Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah preserves a Late Cretaceous ecosystem that was geographically isolated from contemporaneous faunas in Alberta — separated by the Western Interior Seaway.
Alberta
The Dinosaur Park Formation, exposed dramatically in Alberta's Badlands, is one of the most diverse dinosaur-bearing formations in the world, preserving over 35 species within a remarkably short geological timespan of roughly 1.5 million years.
Santa Cruz Province
The Cerro Fortaleza Formation is significant for preserving some of the largest titanosaurian sauropods ever discovered, including Dreadnoughtus schrani, one of the most complete giant titanosaurs known.
The Djadochta Formation of the Gobi Desert is the most productive Late Cretaceous site in Asia, preserving iconic species like Velociraptor, Protoceratops, and Oviraptor in exquisite desert conditions.
Alberta
The Horseshoe Canyon Formation captures a distinct Late Cretaceous ecosystem slightly older than the Hell Creek fauna, preserving hadrosaurs, ceratopsians, and tyrannosaurs that represent the generation of dinosaurs immediately before the final extinction.
Chubut
The La Colonia Formation is one of the most important Late Cretaceous terrestrial deposits in South America, preserving a diverse fauna from the final stages of the Mesozoic.
Ömnögovi Province
The Nemegt Formation is one of the richest Late Cretaceous dinosaur-bearing formations in Asia, yielding exceptionally diverse theropod assemblages including Gallimimus, Therizinosaurus, and Tarbosaurus.
Wyoming
The Lance Formation is the Wyoming equivalent of Montana's Hell Creek Formation, preserving a nearly identical end-Cretaceous fauna across state lines.
Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota +1 more
Hell Creek preserves the last two million years of the dinosaur age — the final chapter before the Chicxulub impact — and has produced the most complete skeletons of Tyrannosaurus rex, Triceratops, and Ankylosaurus ever found.